Mummification in the era of the modern state..
Mummification during the Hellenistic and Roman times
Immediately transfer the body after death to the workshop "and played" where is placed over the embalming table stone. After that break the greatness of the nose and the brain content is extracted using a metal tool. In fact, we do not know why the Egyptian bothering to extract the brain content; if there is no intention to save it, but we know that after that he is filling the skull using a thick layer of "bitumen" to prevent the passage of microorganisms through the skull bone. As well as the filler skull resin or linen soaked resin.
The intestines are extracted through an incision in the left side and lower abdomen. Then wash the internal organs and individually dipped in salt Nitrite, and then address the hot resin and damage and placed in four canopic time. The lids of these pots take four forms of the children of God "Horus": "Amesti" a human head to protect the liver, "Habi" with a monkey to protect the lungs, "born-Mut.av" is the head of the jackal to protect the stomach and finally "nastiness-Sno.av "head of a falcon to protect the intestine. The body wash from the outside and from inside the sweat-Balah and spices. (Sweat-Balah was made in ancient Egypt usually contain 14% alcohol ethylic).
Bury the body for forty days in large quantities of salt Natron, which was renewed from time to time, where it was dried salt Nitrite is used as a work on breaking down fatty tissue. The stomach and chest cavities filled three consecutive temporary materials containing cut Ntron to dry the body from the inside, and that was the main stage for mummification actually and practically adopted to extract fluid from the body through the pressure Baltnadkh process. Are then extracted from the body Natron after the expiry of that period, and the extracted material from the temporary cavities chest, stomach, and that must have been saturated with fluid if left damaged mummy.
The body was later transferred to a place known as "pre-turnoff," where being washed and disinfected water of the Nile process, perhaps this process is the most important during the mummification ceremony through which is determined by the time required to prepare the body. The Nile water has been considered of great magical powers after its association with the legend of the sun cycle that is reminiscent of Sunrise (the birth of) the sun from the river, in addition to being a water flood. Perhaps this reminds us of the legend of "Heliopolis" which depicts the sun out of the water of the Nile, as reminiscent of the departure of the young Earth floodwaters. The body cleanses oil, rice and a number of precious oils, after it has been rubbed with incense, cinnamon and aromatic substances in an attempt to return to his first. It covers the body after that of liquid resin to protect it against any other dangers from insects or bacteria and any of the external factors.
After completion of the processing of the body is wrapped with linen, which was attached fraught funerary papyrus scrolls, adorned Baltmaim and ornaments. And finally received flowers and green leaves on the shroud before placing the mummy in the coffin.
Resident priest before the burial ritual of the "open mouth" on the mummy to restore all the senses of the deceased person; restore any vision of his eyes, and hearing of his ears, and the ability to talk to his tongue, and breathing to his nose and finally the movement of his hands and feet. And the priest intones prayers at the same time while the family crying Fiqidha and file it.
Mummification during the Hellenistic and Roman times
The art of mummification of the sharp deterioration suffered by the end of the ancient Egyptian period to the modern era, and came to an end during the Byzantine era. And despite the fact that the mummies of the Greek-Roman period were less quality in conservation from its predecessor from previous eras, but they are cool style of the scrolls was marked by the bundles in the form of aids, has been stationed each unit of these designated forms in the middle of a gold speckle, also add a mask Portrait of a colorful wooden board holds landmarks face of the deceased person.
During the Ptolemaic period was used all the methods used to extract the viscera, and that was through either the left side or incision through anal cleaning. One of the obvious features of the Ptolemaic mummies late Roman era and early intensive use of resins within the body or outside alike.
Many of the mummies of the third century have shown and the fourth century AD that have been abandoned extract the viscera, brain, and instead has been extensive coverage of the mummy with a layer of resin.
One of the important innovations of early Roman era gilding mummy, has been covering the fingers and feet, eyelids, lips and hands and legs and genitals, and in some cases the whole body, with a thin layer of gold.
Embalmers has continued in the Greco-Roman period, especially in Nubia, in their attempts to keep their creations. For example, if the head separated from the body was re-connected it by a stick. He has also found Bmomcia child stick body length and developed for the purpose of strengthening. Also found was a Roman mummies in Giza carrying between folds of Vaivha woven sticks to strengthen the body of the mummy, which provided protection for the mummies in the case if they were burial without a coffin, as is the case in many periods.
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